Santeria is a syncretic religion that combines beliefs and practices from various African traditions, particularly those of the Yoruba people of West Africa, with elements of Roman Catholicism. It is estimated that there are over 100,000 Santeria practitioners in the United States.
Santería practitioners, also known as santeros or santeras, believe in a supreme being called Olodumare, who is the creator of the universe. They also believe in a pantheon of lesser divinities, known as orishas, who are intermediaries between Olodumare and humanity. Each orisha has a specific role and function, and devotees often pray to them for help and guidance.
Santeria rituals typically involve the use of music, dance, and drumming to call upon the orishas. These rituals are often performed in temples, known as ile (or ilé) orisha, and are led by priests and priestesses, known as babalorishas and iyalorishas, respectively. Santeros and santeras also make offerings to the orishas, such as food, drink, and flowers, in order to gain their favor and protection.
Santeria is a closed religion, and individuals who wish to practice it must be initiated by a babalorisha or iyalorisha. The initiation process is a complex one and can take several years. Once initiated, santeros and santeras are expected to follow certain rules and regulations in their daily lives.
Santeria has been criticized by some Christians and other religious groups, who view it as a form of idolatry. However, Santeria practitioners maintain that their religion is a peaceful one that emphasizes love, respect, and community.